NTSC, PAL, SECAM

National Television System Committee ( NTSC )

Short for National Television System Committee. The NTSC is responsible for setting television and video standards in the United States (in Europe and the rest of the world, the dominant television standards are PAL and SECAM).

as established in 1940

Countries Using NTSC

-Central America

-South America

-Asia

Phase Alternation by Line ( PAL )

PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line

 is a colour encoding system for analogue television used in broadcast television systems in most countries broadcasting at 576i. Other common analogue television systems are NTSC and SECAM.

In the 1950s, the Western European countries

Countries Using PAL

-Afghanistan

-India

-Iran

-Maldives

Sequential Color with Memory (SECAM)

SECAM uses the same resolution as PAL (625 lines) but transmits the color information sequentially: R-Y on one line and B-Y on the next. SECAM is used sparingly around the world and can be found in France, parts of Greece, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Africa

Work on SECAM began in 1956. The technology was ready by the end of the fifties,

Countries using secam,

-Africa

-Asia

-Pacific Island

-Europe

-Former Ussr

-French/Americans

Advantages and Disadvantages

NTSC

disadvantages - lower resolution, on many televisions are not presentable

Advantages- NTSC is able to give produce nice 'pastel' shades of color

PAL

Disadvantages- some problems in using Pal, especially if you intend to sell the finished product ONLY in North America and need to convert everything, but certainly not if you intend just to film in USA. Playback and editing should be no problem on any PC system, and if you want to playback through a video recorder or TV screen, it is very easy and cheap to find a dual-version system or to buy a European version TV to plug into. If you are converting to DVD it shouldn't matter either.

Advantages- PAL TV systems are 625-line/50 Hz television systems and are different from the 525-line/60Hz NTSC television systems. PAL TV systems are predominant in Europe while the NTSC systems are found mostly in North America, Central America and Japan. DVDs that can be played on these systems are accordingly labeled as 'PAL' or 'NTSC'. However European discs usually don't have PAL composite color while NTSC defines the video line and frame format by contrast.

SECAM

Disadvantages-

•                Half color information is lost on each line since only one color signal is transmitted on each line.

•                Not suitable for studio use – studios use PAL and then transcode to SECAM for SECAM markets.

Incompatibility between different versions of SECAM (due to political influence)

Advantages-

•                Use of FM makes system free of phase errors.

•                No crosstalk between color signals since they do not exist on the same line.

•                Hue control not needed. (needed in NTSC but not needed in PAL & SECAM)

•                Saturation control not needed (needed in both NTSC & PAL)

•                Lower cost than both NTSC & PAL

Higher number of scan lines than NTSC

Talktalk

Founded in 2003 in leeds - is a company which provides pay television, Telecommunications, internet access, and mobile technology services to businesses and consumers in the United Kingdom.

Some advantages of using talk talk are that you get a fast broadband and can record the programmes you are going to miss.

Some disadvantages of talktalk is that the broadband will not work when you are abroad and charges may be high.

Sky

Founded in 1990- a British satellite broadcasting, broadband and telephone services company headquartered in London with operations in the UK and Ireland.

Advantages of using sky may be that there are lots of different channels for the viewers to choose from.

Disadvantages of using sky can be that it may be expensive to use and viewers may find them self paying for programmes they want to watch.

Virgin Media

Founded in March 2006 Virgin Media Inc. is a company which provides fixed and mobile telephone, television and broadcast services to businesses and consumers in the United Kingdom. 

Some advantages of using virgin media is that you can watch programmes you have missed or record programmes you are going to miss, there is also lots of channels you can choose from.

Disadvantages of using Virgin media is that is May cost a lot to run monthly.

BT

Founded in 1864 BT Group plc, trading as BT, is a British multinational telecommunications services company headquartered in London, in the United Kingdom. 

Advantages of using BT is that you can get a range of different packages like free calls to other by landlines for quite a cheap price, however some disadvantages of this can be you cans use your broadband abroad and will cost you more to ring foreign numbers.

Internet

Advantages- The internet offers more than Satellite, Free view and cable does you can choose what you watch and can skip adverts which audience like that about the internet everything is at your hands you can roam while doing it.

In the future there is a high chance that it will take over even the shopping industry has been affected because of the internet.

Disadvantages- to watch something on the internet you need a internet connection other wise you cannot.

 On Demand

 There is many Services that offer on demand some from the actually channels and other that offers films.

-       4 od

-       bbc iplayer

-       Netflix

-       Love film

Advantages are that there is a different range of channels,however there isn't that many channels to choose from.

How to shoot an interview step by step

At first our Starting idea was not good but as the group communicated and a couple of roles had changed within the group we got on with the work better. At first we planned a step by step script to what the actor was going to do. when doing this we had some trouble with over coming what some people wanted and what we was able to do but with communication we over came these predicaments.


Setting up the Camera problems and Positive Attributes. 
A couple of problems we faced when setting up the camera is the actor didn't know how to set up the camera anyway and needed a little bit of help within doing this yet once this had been overcame then the whole process ran smoothly and the finishing project ended up being good.
  What we did well was our whole group communicated baring in mind most of the group never spoke to each other before so people had been 'thrown into the deep end' in this particular task.


i didn't have a role as i wasn't here for the filming.

Meeting the brief.
The video we made met the brief as it met how to set up the camera, Setting up the lights and setting up the audio and successfully made it professional and substantial.


The things we need to do better next time are 
-Work effectively and not to argue
-Work together
-Pay attention to what tasks

Post Production Workflow

The first thing you have to do in post production is make a folder where all the content will be stored name it appropriate to the project so that you know where to find the content. 

For the time being you can have your work put into this folder to back it up or make it portable if you are using a shared computer, put it onto an external drive when finished or place it onto a site like Google drive making it accessible from other locations across the world. 









These can include files taken directly from a DSLR, external audio recorder or from the internet

Once you have made a folder you need to Open up final cut pro which the starting page should look something similar to this depending on what version of final cut you have which differentiations the starting image. 

Once this has opened up then you can start to edit stuff, but it is recommended that you do your desired settings before using Final cut when you have done the scratch disks the page should look like this, then you choose the file you want to put the files into. 

Then Next you click on the Sequence double click it and whatever you place on the timeline will be stored in that particular sequence bar which means that you know where all your clips are accessible from. 

Then next once you have finished with the sequence you should now export your video there is more than one preference to final cut pro one being Quicktime movie (.Mov) An apple format which is quite simple and recommended if you are not technically advanced when using final cut pro. 

Or the Other Quicktime which is advanced version but allows you to compress the file and make it in different format. 

Cables

DVI :

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface. The digital interface is used to connect a video source to a display device, such as a computer monitor It was developed with the intention to transfer digital video content.

composite video: 
Composite video (1 channel) is an analog video transmission (with no audio) that carries standard definition video typically at 480i or 576i resolution. Video information is encoded on one channel in contrast with slightly higher quality S-video (2 channel), and even higher quality component video (3 or more channels).

S- video:

S-video commonly known as Separate Video, and super video is a signalling standard for standard definition video, typically 480i or 576i. By separating the black-and-white and colouring signals, it achieves better image quality than composite video but has lower colour resolution than component video.

HDMI:

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a compact audio/video interface for transferring uncompressed video data and compressed/uncompressed digital audio data from a HDMI-compliant device to a compatible computer monitor, digital television or video projector. 

RCA connector: RCA cables are used to carry video and audio signals, they are primarily used for stereo equipment and often consumer grade. RCA is still often used by many devices before and after the digital switchover (VHS, DVD players and TV's) 

Editing and extension task

To import your file you will need to click on 'file' then scroll your curser down to the 'import' button, click on this and then 'file'. 

After you have done this it will come up with your files, find the file you are wanting and click 'choose'. 

After you have done this your clip will appear on the left hand side of the screen, like this picture.






You need to click on your clip so that it is highlighted grey and drag it down to the bottom like this. When you have dragged it down to the bottom there will be a red line at the top, this means that your clip now needs to be rendered.

To render your clip you need to click the 'cmd' and 'r' key on your keyboard, this will make your clip start to render.

To crop your clip you should hover over the end of the clip, there will be an arrow sign, when you see this symbol you need to drag the arrows as far as you would like to crop the clip, after you have cropped your clip it should look shorter or longer than before.



this is what my clip looked like after i had cropped my clip, as you can tell, my clip looks a lot shorter than before.







To cut a clip you should select the razor tool on the right hand side of the screen, the razor tool looks like this.
After you have selected this tool you need to drag the cursor to were you would like to cut the clip.







After you have clicked on the clip you would like to cut it should look something like this.






To add a cross fade you need to split your clips into two, you can do this by using the razor tool again.  you can do this like the picture above with the cut in the middle of the clip.

After this you need to click onto 'effects' then 'video transitions' and then 'dissolve' after you have clicked on these you will have a button saying 'cross dissolve'.

 When you have clicked on 'cross dissolve' yo need to drag the effect onto the the bit of the clip which has the cut in-between, when you have done this it should look like this. This is how you should make a cross fade.